來源:Tanyboye 發(fā)布時間:2018-11-21 14:07:42 閱讀量:1225
JDBC全稱為:Java Data Base Connectivity (java數(shù)據(jù)庫連接),主要用于java與數(shù)據(jù)庫的鏈接。
整個鏈接過程如下圖:
1.數(shù)據(jù)庫驅動:Driver
加載mysql驅動:Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
加載oracle驅動:Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
加載相應的驅動需要導入相應的包,如MySQL則需要導入:mysql-connector-java-5.1.13-bin.jar
否則無法正常執(zhí)行。
2.獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫鏈接:Connection
Connetion類主要用來鏈接數(shù)據(jù)庫,常通過DriverManager.getConnection()來獲取一個連接對象。
這里有3個參數(shù),分別是url,user,passwrod。對應的是要鏈接的數(shù)據(jù)庫,用戶名,密碼等。如:
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
user=root
password=root
3.執(zhí)行sql語句:Statement
Statement對象用于執(zhí)行sql語句,有以下3種:
(1)Statement對象用于執(zhí)行不帶參數(shù)的簡單的SQL語句;
(2)PerparedStatement對象用于執(zhí)行帶或不帶參數(shù)的預編譯SQL語句;
(3)CallableStatement對象用于執(zhí)行對數(shù)據(jù)庫已存儲過程的調用;
Statement的常用方法:
(1)executeQuery()方法:運行查詢語句,返回ReaultSet對象。
(2)executeUpdata()方法:運行增,刪,改操作,返回更新的行數(shù)。
(3)addBatch(String sql) :把多條sql語句放到一個批處理中。
(4)executeBatch():向數(shù)據(jù)庫發(fā)送一批sql語句執(zhí)行。
4.結果集:ResultSet
執(zhí)行executeQuery()方法后返回的結果集
常用方法:
(1)getString(String columnName):獲得當前行的某一string類型的字段
(2)getFloat(String columnName):獲得當前行的某一string類型的字段
(3)getDate(String columnName):獲得當前行的某一date類型的字段
(4)getBoolean(String columnName):獲得在當前行的某一Boolean類型的字段
(5)getObject(String columnName):獲取當前行的某一任意類型的字段
(6)next():移動到下一行
實際代碼
首先建立一個配置文件,內容如下:
#數(shù)據(jù)庫驅動
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
#連接數(shù)據(jù)庫的URL
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
#用戶名
user=root
#密碼
password=root
接著寫一個連接數(shù)據(jù)庫的通用工具類:
public class DBUtil {
private static String driver;
private static String url;
private static String user;
private static String password;
static{
try {
//讀取配置文件
InputStream in = DBUtil.class.getResourceAsStream("db.properties");
Properties properties = new Properties();
//加載配置文件
properties.load(in);
//獲取配置文件中的數(shù)據(jù)
driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
url = properties.getProperty("url");
user = properties.getProperty("user");
password = properties.getProperty("password");
//加載數(shù)據(jù)庫鏈接驅動
Class.forName(driver);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 獲取一個數(shù)據(jù)庫鏈接
*/
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException{
return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
}
}
實現(xiàn)簡單的增刪改查:
public class jdbcTest {
/**
* 創(chuàng)建表
*/
public static void createTable() throws SQLException{
String sql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `user`("
+"`id` INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT,"
+" `user_name` VARCHAR(100),"
+" `user_password` VARCHAR(100),"
+" `user_age` INT(11),"
+"PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )"
+")ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;";
Connection conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
//開啟事務
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
//提交事務
conn.commit();
//要注意關閉連接(在實際中最好不要像這樣關閉,最好標準一點)
conn.close();
}
/**
* 增加數(shù)據(jù)
*/
public static void add() throws SQLException{
String sql = "INSERT INTO USER (user_name,user_password,user_age) VALUES('老王','123456',18)";
Connection conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
conn.commit();
conn.close();
}
/**
* 刪除數(shù)據(jù)
*/
public static void delete() throws SQLException{
String sql = "DELETE FROM USER WHERE USER.user_name = '老王'";
Connection conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
conn.commit();
conn.close();
}
/**
* 修改數(shù)據(jù)
*/
public static void updata() throws SQLException{
String sql = "UPDATE USER SET USER.user_name = '老李'";
Connection conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
conn.commit();
conn.close();
}
/**
* 查找數(shù)據(jù)
*/
public static void query() throws SQLException{
String sql = "SELECT * FROM USER";
Connection conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//執(zhí)行查詢語句并返回結果集
ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
while (resultSet.next()) {
//注意:這里要與數(shù)據(jù)庫里的字段對應
String username = resultSet.getString("user_name");
String password = resultSet.getString("user_password");
String age = resultSet.getString("user_age");
System.out.println(username + " " + password + " " + age);
}
conn.commit();
conn.close();
}